• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In a method for the automatic detection of refrigerant charge in refrigeration circuits (8), preferably a heat pump, with a compressor (1), a condenser (2), an expansion valve (4) with a variable cross-section and detecting the degree of opening, an evaporator (3), a first pressure sensor (10) between the compressor (1) and expansion valve (4), a first temperature sensor (11) between the condenser (2) and expansion valve (4), a second pressure sensor (12) and a second temperature sensor (13) between the evaporator (3 ) and compressor (1), the superheating ΔTO is determined from the pressure determined by means of the second pressure sensor (12) and the temperatures of the second temperature sensor (13), the variable cross section of the expansion valve (4) is changed until a predetermined superheating ΔTo , should be set, whereupon one or both of the following checks is made: a) the degree of opening of the expansion valve (4) is given at he overheating ΔTO, is determined from a stored map or algorithm is to superheat ΔTo, a target opening degree of the expansion valve (4) is determined, the difference between the measured opening degree and target opening degree of the expansion valve (4) is determined, b) from the means of the the first pressure sensor (10) of certain pressure and the temperatures of the first temperature sensor (11) is the supercooling .DELTA.TU determined from a stored map or algorithm to the superheating .DELTA.To, should a target subcooling .DELTA.TU, should be determined, the difference between measured subcooling .DELTA.TU and target subcooling ΔTU, shall be determined, wherein at a predetermined deviation between the detected opening degree and the target opening degree of the expansion valve (4) and / or at a predetermined deviation between the measured subcooling .DELTA.TU and the target subcooling .DELTA.TU, should be a lack of refrigerant or excess refrigerant is present.
    公开号:AT515455A1
    申请号:T50064/2014
    申请日:2014-01-31
    公开日:2015-09-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Vaillant Group Austria GmbH PT 5249 AT
    Automatic detection of refrigerant charge in refrigeration circuits
    The invention relates to a method for automatic detection of refrigerant charge in refrigeration circuits.
    When filling the refrigeration cycle, overfilling or lack of refrigerant may occur. Leaks can lead to a loss of refrigerant afterwards. For optimal operation of the refrigeration cycle it is of utmost importance that the correct amount of refrigerant is available. Frequently, a deviation is detected only during maintenance or malfunction, so that the refrigeration cycle is operated at least with reduced efficiency over a longer period of time. In unfavorable cases, it can lead to damage to the system.
    The invention has for its object to automatically detect refrigerant deficiency or overfilling.
    This is achieved according to the features of independent claim 1, characterized in that in a refrigerant circuit of a heat pump with an expansion valve with variable cross-section initially the subcooling is determined downstream of the condenser, for this supercooling, a target opening degree of the expansion valve is determined from a stored map or algorithm. The cross section of the expansion valve of the refrigerant circuit is changed until a predetermined overheating occurs downstream of the evaporator. In this operating state, the opening degree of the expansion valve is compared with the target opening degree. If there is a significant deviation, there must be a lack of refrigerant or an excess of refrigerant.
    Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the features of the dependent claims.
    Thus, if the detected opening degree of the expansion valve is larger than the target opening degree, there must be a refrigerant shortage, whereas if the detected opening degree of the expansion valve is smaller than the target opening degree by a predetermined deviation, there must be a refrigerant surplus.
    The specified deviations in the case of lack of refrigerant and excess refrigerant can be different here.
    As a result, when the deviation is exceeded, the refrigerant circuit can be switched off and / or a warning signal can be output. In this case, it is possible to output an early warning signal when a first, predetermined deviation is exceeded and / or to switch off the refrigerant circuit when a second, predetermined deviation is exceeded.
    The invention will now be explained in detail with reference to FIG.
    FIG. 1 shows a refrigeration cycle 8 of a heat pump with a compressor 1, a condenser 2, an electronic expansion valve 4 with a variable cross section and a stepper motor 14 as drive and for detecting the degree of opening
    Evaporator 3, a first temperature sensor 11 between the condenser 2 and expansion valve 4, a first pressure sensor 10 between the compressor 1 and the condenser 2, a second temperature sensor 13 and a second pressure sensor 12 between the evaporator 3 and compressor 1 and a third temperature sensor 9 between the compressor 1 and the condenser 2. The condenser 2 is connected to a heating circuit with a heating circuit pump 6 and a volume flow sensor 5. The evaporator 3 is connected to a brine circuit with brine circuit pump 7. A control 15 is used to control the heat pump.
    The compressor 1 in the refrigeration cycle 8 has the task to raise the superheated refrigerant flowing from the evaporator 3 at the temperature Ts of the evaporating pressure p0 to the condensing pressure pc. The further superheated refrigerant vapor exits at the discharge nozzle of the compressor 1 with the hot gas temperature Td, and flows through the hot gas line to the condenser 2. The condenser 2 has the task of the superheated refrigerant vapor flowing from the compressor 1 to cool (to cool), to liquefy and thereby the Enthalpy to the heating water, and then to subcool the refrigerant. After the condenser 2, the refrigerant flows in liquid form and still under condensing pressure pc through the liquid line to the electronic expansion valve 4. The subcooling of the refrigerant is necessary to ensure proper operation of the expansion valve 4, since gas bubbles interfere with the proper operation of the expansion valve 4 would. An incorrectly injected amount of refrigerant in the evaporator 3 would in turn damage the compressor 1. In addition, supercooling ΔΤυ improves performance, as more enthalpy is drawn from the source as subcooling increases.
    The electronic expansion valve 4 has the task to relax the supercooled refrigerant with the inlet temperature TEi of condensing pressure pc back to evaporation pressure p0 so that it can get into the evaporator 3 via the injection line. The injected refrigerant amount is determined by the opening degree of the expansion valve 4. The opening degree of the expansion valve 4 is set in the case of an electronic expansion valve 4 with stepping motor 14 by a controller 15 on the number of steps of the stepping motor 14. The control variable is the so-called overheating ΔΤ0, the difference between the evaporation temperature T0 and compressor suction nozzle temperature, the suction temperature Ts. The evaporation temperature T0 is determined by the evaporation pressure Po, which is measured by the second pressure sensor 12, and corresponds to the temperature at which the entire refrigerant has evaporated. In the evaporator 3 coming from the expansion valve 4 liquid refrigerant is evaporated. The necessary enthalpy of vaporization is withdrawn from the brine circuit connected to the primary side of the evaporator 3. The control 15 ensures that only so much refrigerant is injected from the electronic expansion valve 4 that it completely evaporates in the evaporator 3 and the compressor 1 is supplied with a predetermined superheating ΔΤ0 via the suction line with suction temperature Ts.
    FIG. 2 shows the operation of the refrigeration cycle in the log p-h diagram. For comparison, certain operating points are shown with Roman numerals I to IV both in the device according to Figure 1, and in the diagram of Figure 2. IV represents the state downstream of the evaporator 3 upstream of the compressor 1. The refrigerant is in vapor form with the suction temperature Ts and the evaporation pressure p0. In the compressor 1, the refrigerant is compressed, whereby the pressure on the condensing pressure pc increases. At the same time the temperature rises to the hot gas temperature Td. The refrigerant is now in state I. In the condenser 2, the refrigerant is isobaric cooled, whereby the refrigerant passes through the wet steam area and condenses out. After passing through the wet steam area, the liquid refrigerant is still somewhat undercooled, so that the temperature TEi sets (state II). In the expansion valve 4, the refrigerant is expanded to evaporation pressure p0 and thereby cools to the temperature
    Teo off (state III). In the evaporator 3, the refrigerant absorbs isobaric heat, so that the refrigerant evaporates. After passing through the wet steam area at the evaporation temperature T0 and the entire refrigerant in vapor form, the superheat ΔΤ0 = Ts - T0 sets the suction temperature Tine (state IV).
    In the method according to the invention, the superheating ΔΤ0 is an important factor for detecting the refrigerant shortage.
    For this purpose, the evaporation pressure p0 is determined by means of the second pressure sensor 12 between the evaporator 3 and the compressor 1. From this, the temperature T0, at which the wet steam region is left, can be determined. From the temperature T0 at the evaporation pressure p0 and the temperature of the second temperature sensor 13 between the evaporator 3 and the compressor 1, the superheating ΔΤ0 is determined as the difference. The variable cross-section of the expansion valve 4 is changed by means of the stepping motor 14 until a predetermined overheating ΔΤ0,50ιι sets.
    The degree of opening of the expansion valve 4 is determined at predetermined overheating ΔΤ0,50ιι and recorded. At the same time from a stored map or algorithm to the superheating ΔΤ0,5ον and the high pressure pc and the hot gas temperature Td a target opening degree of the expansion valve 4 is determined; this is shown in FIG. Now, the difference between the measured opening degree and the target opening degree of the expansion valve 4 is determined.
    By means of the first pressure sensor 10 between the compressor 1 and the condenser 2, the condensing pressure pc is determined. From this, the boiling temperature at which the wet steam region is left can be determined. From the boiling point at the condensing pressure pc and the temperature of the first temperature sensor 11 between the condenser 2 and expansion valve 4, the subcooling ΔΤυ is determined as the difference.
    From a stored characteristic map or algorithm, a desired subcooling ATu.soii is determined for the overheating AT0, SOii and the high pressure pc and the hot gas temperature Td. Now the difference between measured subcooling ATu and target subcooling ATu.soii is determined.
    With a predetermined deviation between the detected opening degree and the target opening degree of the expansion valve 4 and / or with a predetermined deviation between the measured subcooling ATu and the target subcooling ATu.soii, there is a lack of refrigerant or excess refrigerant. According to the invention, it is optionally sufficient to preselect a difference, or both deviations must be given.
    When the detected opening degree of the expansion valve 4 is larger than the target opening degree by a predetermined deviation, there is a refrigerant shortage, whereas if the detected opening degree of the expansion valve 4 is smaller than the target opening degree by a predetermined deviation, there is a refrigerant surplus. Here, the specified deviations may be different for refrigerant shortage and excess refrigerant. If there is a deviation by a first, predetermined amount, a warning signal is initially output. If a second, larger, predetermined amount is exceeded, the refrigerant circuit is switched off.
    LIST OF REFERENCES
    Compressor (1),
    Capacitor (2),
    Evaporator (3), expansion valve (4) Refrigeration circuit (8) Third temperature sensor 9 First pressure sensor (10) First temperature sensor (11) Second pressure sensor (12) Second temperature sensor (13) Stepping motor 14 Control 15
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. A method for the automatic detection of refrigerant charge in refrigeration circuits (8), preferably a heat pump, comprising a compressor (1), a condenser (2), a variable cross-section expansion valve (4) and detection of the refrigerant Opening degree, an evaporator (3), a first pressure sensor (10) between the compressor (1) and expansion valve (4), a first temperature sensor (11) between the condenser (2) and expansion valve (4), a second pressure sensor (12) and a second temperature sensor (13) between evaporator (3) and compressor (1), characterized in that from the by means of the second pressure sensor (12) certain pressure and the temperatures of the second temperature sensor (13) the superheating ΔΤ0 is determined, the variable cross section of Expansion valve (4) is changed until a predetermined overheating AT0, SOii sets, whereupon one or both of the following review a) the degree of opening of the expansion valve (4) is determined at predetermined overheating ΔΤο, δοΐι from a stored map or algorithm to the overheating AT0, SOii a target opening degree of the expansion valve (4) is determined, the difference between the measured opening degree and Target opening degree of the expansion valve (4) is determined b) from the first pressure sensor (10) determined pressure and the temperatures of the first temperature sensor (11) which is supercooling ΔΤυ determined from a stored map or algorithm is to superheat ΔΤ0,50ιι a target subcooling ATu, Soii determined, the difference between measured subcooling ΔΤυ and target subcooling ATu, Soii is determined, wherein at a predetermined deviation between the detected opening degree and the target opening degree of the expansion valve (4) and / or at a predetermined deviation between the measured supercooling ΔΤ and the target subcooling ΔΤυ, son a lack of refrigerant or refrigerant surplus exists.
    [2]
    2. A method for automatic detection of refrigerant charge according to claim 1, characterized in that when the detected opening degree of the expansion valve (4) by a predetermined deviation is greater than the target opening degree, there is a refrigerant deficiency, while if the detected opening degree of the expansion valve (4) by a predetermined deviation is smaller than the target opening degree, there is a surplus of refrigerant.
    [3]
    3. A method for the automatic detection of refrigerant charge quantities according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the predetermined deviations in refrigerant shortage and excess refrigerant are different.
    [4]
    4. A method for the automatic detection of refrigerant charge amounts according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that is switched off when exceeding the deviation of the refrigerant circuit.
    [5]
    5. A method for the automatic detection of refrigerant charge amounts according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that when exceeding a first predetermined deviation, an early warning signal is output and / or is switched off when exceeding a second, predetermined deviation of the refrigerant circuit.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2902728B1|2017-04-26|
    ES2633272T3|2017-09-20|
    EP2902728A1|2015-08-05|
    PL2902728T3|2017-09-29|
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    DK2902728T3|2017-08-07|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US6571566B1|2002-04-02|2003-06-03|Lennox Manufacturing Inc.|Method of determining refrigerant charge level in a space temperature conditioning system|
    JP2004116814A|2002-09-24|2004-04-15|Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd|Control method and device for supercooled water manufacturing equipment|
    US20120280816A1|2011-05-05|2012-11-08|Gado Amr E|Refrigerant charge level detection|
    JP3988780B2|2005-09-09|2007-10-10|ダイキン工業株式会社|Refrigeration equipment|
    JP4904908B2|2006-04-28|2012-03-28|ダイキン工業株式会社|Air conditioner|
    JP4225357B2|2007-04-13|2009-02-18|ダイキン工業株式会社|Refrigerant filling apparatus, refrigeration apparatus and refrigerant filling method|
    JP4245064B2|2007-05-30|2009-03-25|ダイキン工業株式会社|Air conditioner|
    KR101488390B1|2008-02-05|2015-01-30|엘지전자 주식회사|Method for calculating the mass of a refrigerant in air conditioning apparatus|JP2018141607A|2017-02-28|2018-09-13|三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社|Refrigerant amount determination device, air conditioning system, refrigerant amount determination method and program|
    CN112781290A|2020-04-10|2021-05-11|青岛海尔新能源电器有限公司|Heat pump system control method and heat pump system|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50064/2014A|AT515455B1|2014-01-31|2014-01-31|Automatic detection of refrigerant charge in refrigeration circuits|ATA50064/2014A| AT515455B1|2014-01-31|2014-01-31|Automatic detection of refrigerant charge in refrigeration circuits|
    PL15150586T| PL2902728T3|2014-01-31|2015-01-09|Automatic detection of coolant fill levels in refrigerant circuits|
    ES15150586.4T| ES2633272T3|2014-01-31|2015-01-09|Automatic detection of cooling agent filling quantities in refrigeration circuits|
    EP15150586.4A| EP2902728B1|2014-01-31|2015-01-09|Automatic detection of coolant fill levels in refrigerant circuits|
    DK15150586.4T| DK2902728T3|2014-01-31|2015-01-09|Automatic detection of refrigerant fill levels in refrigeration circuits|
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